Oil empleo Gas trabajo|petroleo|Gas

1 barrel (US)	= 35 Imperial gallons = 42 US Gallons = 0.16 cubic metres;
1 billion cubic metres of gas	= 0.92 million tonnes of oil equivalent;
1 cubic metre	= 35.31 cubic feet;
1 cubic metre of gas	= 0.36 therms;
1 kilowatt hour	= 3.6 megajoules.
1 million tonnes of crude oil	= 7.5 million barrels;
1 million tonnes of crude oil per year	= 21 thousand barrels per day.
1 therm	= 105.5 megajoules (MJ);
1 tonne crude oil	= 7.5 barrels = 1.19 cubic metres;
1 tonne fuel oil	= 405 therms;
A development well	A development well is a well that is drilled after an exploration well has confirmed the presence of petroleum in the formation. Usually it takes several development wells to efficiently produce hydrocarbons from a formation
ACHARR	Advisory Committee on Hydrocarbons Additional Recovery Research
Acreage	Land or offshore area leased or licensed for oil and gas exploration and production.
AL	Appraisal Licence
An exploration well	An exploration well or 'wildcat' is one that is just drilled primarily for the purpose of determining that oil of gas actually exists ina subsurface rock formation. Before a will is drilled it is at best an educated guess that petroleum exists in a formation. It is only after a well is drilled into the formation that the presence of oil or gas can definitely be confirmed or denied to be present
Anticline	A fold that is convex upward
API Gravity	Gravity of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons as measured by a system developed by the American Petroleum Institute
Appliance	A device used in the home to perform domestic chores, such as a clothes dryer, dishwasher, refrigerator, toaster, etc.
Appraisal drilling	Drilling carried out after the discovery of a new field to obtain more information on the physical extent, amount of reserves and likely production rate.
Artificial Lift	The application of power to lift mechanically or otherwise to surface from a producing well
Associated Gas	Natural Gas associated with oil accumulations, which may be dissolved in the oil at reservoir conditions (solution gas) or may form a cap of free gas above the oil (gas cap).
Associated Gas	Gas occurring in combination with crude oil, as distinct from gas occurring separately or manufactured from crude oil.
b/d	Barrel per day (42 U.S. gallons).
Barrel	A unit of measure for crude oil and oil products equal to 42 U.S. Gallons
Barrel	A volumetric unit of measure for crude oil and petroleum products, derived by the original use of spent whiskey barrels to hold oil in the 1800s. One barrel equals 42 U.S. gallons, equivalent to 158.978 litres. Abbreviation: "bbl."
Basin	A synclinal structure in the subsurface (concave upwards) of large areal extent
Bboe	Barrels of oil equivalent - oil and gas
Bcf	Billion cubic feet
bd	Barrels per day
Biogas	Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide that is generated when bacteria degrade biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be burned in boilers to produce hot water and steam and to generate electricity. It can also be used as a vehicle fuel.
Blowout	The uncontrolled flow of oil and / or gas from a well
BOE	Barrel of oil equivalent. One barrel of oil equals 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas.
boe
BOE/BoE/boepd	Barrel of oil equivalent per day
boed	Barrels of oil equivalent per day
bopd	Barrels of oil per day
BOPD (often bopd)	Barrels of oil per day
BRINDEX	Association of British Independent Oil Exploration Companies
Brown Fields	Those which are beyond their production plateau but are still producing
BTI	British Trade International. (The Government organisation that brings together the work of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office and the Department of Trade & Industry in support of British trade and investment overseas.)
Butane	A hydrocarbon gas that is one of the ingredients in natural gas. Butane molecules consist of four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms.
Cap rock	The cap rock keeps underground natural gas deposits from escaping upward. Granite is a common cap rock.
CAPEX	Capital Expenditure
Carbon dioxide	A colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous gas that is a normal part of the air we breathe. Carbon dioxide is exhaled by humans and animals, and is absorbed by green growing things and by the sea. Carbon dioxide molecules consist of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. A small amount of carbon dioxide is found in natural gas.
Carbon monoxide	A colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that is formed when fuel is burned without enough oxygen. Carbon monoxide alarms can be installed in the home to alert people to its presence. Carbon monoxide molecules consist of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.
Casing	Steel pipe run into a well to line the hole and protect it from caving and invasion from other formation waters
casing off	The practice of lining a borehole with tubing to prevent the entry and migration of gas, liquids, or other debris between subsurface formations.
Casing point	The objective depth in a drilling contract, either a specified depth or the depth at which a specific zone is penetrated
CATS	Central Area Transmission System
CBI	Confederation of British Industry
CDA	Common Data Access
Cell spar	The third generation of the spar production system. The hull consists of several long cylinders attached to a center cylinder of the same diameter. The cell spar is easier to construct and install than previous spars. The resulting cost savings reduce the reserve threshold required for economical development of deepwater fields.
Cementing	To fix the casing firmly in the hole with cement, which is pumped through the drill pipe to the bottom of the casing and up into the space between the hole and casing
CGBF	Concrete, Gravity Based Structure
CGT	Capital Gains Tax
Chloride process	One of two processes used to produce titanium dioxide pigment. This process accounts for about 75% of Kerr-McGee's gross worldwide pigment production capacity.
Christmas tree	The assemblage of valves and fittings at the top of a well used in the control of production
Circulate	To cycle drilling fluids down through drill pipe and up between the drill pipe and the wall of the hole to the surface
Coal	A fuel consisting of black or brown rock that is taken out of the ground at large mines.
Coal Bed Methane (CBM)	Natural gas produced in a coal seam during the formation of the coal. Coal seams form the reservoir rocks and traps for the methane, which is usually of near- pipeline quality.
Combustible	Capable of burning.
Combustion	The process of burning.
common carrier	A private company that provides services to the public at large, generally in the field of transportation or communications infrastructure. Under the law, a common carrier is required to make its infrastructure available to everyone willing to pay to access it.
Completion	Steps used in attempting to bring a well into produciton
Compressor station	A place where natural gas is pressurized to be sure it flows effectively through pipes.
Condensate	A mixture of pentanes and higher hydrocarbons.
Condensate	Hydrocarbon liquids that exist in gaseous form in the reservoir but condense to liquids as the gas flows to the surface.
Condensate	Hydorcarbons which are gaseous under reservoir conditions but become liquid at the surface
Condensate	A term used to describe light liquid hydrocarbons separated from crude oil after production and sold separately.
Confirmation well	A second test well drilled to 'prove' that the formation of producing zone encountered by an initial exploratory well extends beyond the limit of the initial drill and spacing unit
confiscation	A legal argument made by the railroads that held that the rates set by the Railroad Commission did not allow them enough profit to operate, pay off debt, or reinvest in the company, thus depriving the railroads of their property without due process of law.
Continental shelf	The extension of a continental land mass into the ocean in relatively shallow water.
Conversion Factors (approximate)
Copper	A common reddish metallic element that is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Copper is one of the metals used inside electrical wires to help conduct electricity.
Core	A cylindrical column of rock cut by using a special diamond bit to sample an underground formation
correlative rights	A legal doctrine holding that certain rights of land owners over a common resource such as oil or gas are coequal, or correlative. No one owner can take more than his share.
CRINE Network	Cost Reduction Initiative for the New Era. An oil industry-Government exercise to aid greater competitiveness.
Crude oil	Oil as it comes from the well
Crude Oil	A mineral oil consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons of natural origin, yellow to black in color, of variable specific gravity and viscosity.
CT	Corporation Tax
Cubic foot (cf)	The most common unit of measurement of natural gas volume. It takes eight gallons of liquid to equal one cubic foot. One hundred cubic feet equals one therm.
Cubic meter	A common unit of measurement of natural gas volume. It takes 1,000 liters of liquid to equal one cubic foot.
Cuttings	chips as small fragments of rock as the result of drilling that are brought to the surface by circulationg drilling mud.
Damper	A moveable plate for regulating the draft in a chimney.
DEAL	Digital Energy Atlas & Library
Deep water	More than 1,000 feet deep.
Derrick	A tapered mast of open steel framework used in drilling to support the drill string and other equipement
DETR	Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
Development	Drilling of wells following an oil or gas discovery, and bringing a field into production.
Development well	A well drilled in a production reservoir underlying a geographical area of known oil or gas accumulation and within a definable trap
Deviated hole	A well bore which is off the vertical either by design or accident
DfEE	Department for Education and Employment
Discovery well	An exploratory well that finds a new petroleum deposit or opens a new formation in an established field.
Discovery well	An exploration test well that encounters a new and previously untapped oil or gas reservoir
discrimination	A practice in which railroads charged higher rates for one set of shippers than for another. The most common form of discrimination was long-haul/short-haul discrimination, in which the railroad charged more for shipping freight or passengers between two intermediate points on a line than for shipping the same cargo the full length of the line, including the intermediate section. Railroads also charged more to ship finished goods than raw materials, more to ship to popular destinations, and more to ship partial car loads than full carloads.
Distribution main	Underground pipelines that carry natural gas from utilities to homes and businesses.
DL	Development Licence
Downstream	A segment of the oil industry. Term is used to refer to all petroleum activities from the processing of refining crude oil into petroleum products to the distribution, marketing and shipping of the products. The opposite of downstream is upstream.
drawbacks	A practice in which large shippers received the rebate from their competitor’s shipments, after the competitor paid full price.
Drill collar	A heavy walled component of the drill string placed between the bit and the drilling pipe to maintain vertical penetration of the bit and supply the weight necessary for drilling
Drill pipe	High strength pipe, usually on 30 foot lengths with threaded connections on each end
Drill stem	The entire drilling assembly from the swivel to the bit; composed of the kelly, drill pipe and drill collars, used to rotate the bit and to carry the mud or circulating fluid to the bit
Drill stem test	A formation test through drill pipe to determine the presence of oil or gas, along with the pressure
Drilling mud	A mixture of clay, water and chemicals pumped downhole through the drill pipe and drill bit
Dry Gas	Natural gas from the well that is free of liquid hydrocarbons; gas that has been treated to remove all liquids making it suitable for shipping in a pipeline.
Dry hole	A completed well not producing oil or gas in paying quantities
DTI	Department of Trade and Industry
EAGLES	East Anglian Gas and Liquids Evacuation System
ECGD	Exports Credits Guarantee Department
EIA	Environmental Impact Assessment
EL	Exploration Licence
Electric log	Survey of an uncased hole which measures the ressistivity and spontaneous potential of the rock formations penetrated
EOR	Enhanced oil recovery
ETAP	Eastern Trough Area Project
Ethane	A hydrocarbon gas that is one of the ingredients in natural gas. Ethane molecules each contain two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
Exploitation	Additional drilling or application of new technology to further extend production and reserves of an existing field.
Exploratory well	A well drilled to test the presence of oil or gas in an undeveloped area.
Exploratory well	A well drilled either in search of a new undiscovered pool of oil or gas, or to extend greatly the limits of a known pool
Extracted	Taken out. Natural gas is extracted from the earth through deep wells.
Facies	The particular physical and lithologic characteristics of a rock horizon such as sandstone facies, shale facies, etc. As facies change laterally, (i.e., sandstone to shale) a stratigraphic trap may be developed
Fault	A break or fracture zone in the rock in which adjacent rocks have moved relative to one another
FCO	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Field	A test well or group of test wells defining the limit of an oil or gas pool
Finder wells	Term used to describe the most cost effective exploration, appraisal or development drilling, which is "fit for purpose".
FLAGS	Far-north Liquids and Associated Gas System
Flaring	The burning of unwanted gases as a means of disposing of it during completion operations
Floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) system	A moored ship-shaped facility capable of producing oil from subsea wells and storing and offloading the oil into shuttle tankers. Kerr-McGee's Gryphon and Leadon fields in the North Sea use FPSOs and the company is developing a new core area in China's Bohai Bay with an FPSO.
Flue	A flue is a pipe that carries the products of combustion out of a building. Fireplaces have flues that direct the smoke from a fire up the chimney. Natural gas appliances and equipment have flue pipes that vent to the outdoors.
Fluid injection	The injection down the bore hole of a single test well of a group of test wells of gas, water or other liquid into a reservoir to force adjacent producing wells.
Formation	An individual bed or group of beds distinctive in character and persisting over a fairly large area
Fossil Fuel	Any naturally occurring fuel of an organic nature formed by the decomposition of plants or animals; includes coal, natural gas and petroleum.
Fossil fuels	Coal, oil, and natural gas are known as fossil fuels because they were formed from the fossilized remains of animals or plants that lived long ago.
FPF	Floating Production Facility
FPSO	Floating Production Storage and Offloading System
Fracturing	Application of hydraulic pressure to the reservoir to create or enlarge fractures through which oil and gas may be produced
free passes	A form of discrimination in which influential people were given free railroad passes as a form of bribery. In 1901 there were 271,285 free passes issued by the railroads – enough for every third or fourth male in Texas. Legislators, tax assessors and collectors, county commissioners, sheriffs, judges, and even local doctors, lawyers, and clergymen were all offered free passes. The pass was revoked if the recipient acted contrary to railroad interests.
Fuel	A substance that can be used to produce heat.
Gas	A substance whose molecules are randomly moving so quickly that the molecules easily separate from one another. Gases will spread out and take on the shape and volume of whatever they are in—a jar, a room, or the atmosphere.
Gas bill	A statement received monthly from a natural gas utility showing how much natural gas your household used and how much you will need to pay for it.
Gas cap	The portion of an oil reservoir occupied by free gas
Gas cut	Adjective applied to oil or mud which is mixed with some gas on a drill stem test or completion test
Gas injection	A secondary recovery method in which high-pressure gas is injected into the produced oil to lighten it
Gas lines	Small pipes (1 to ¾ inches in diameter) that carry natural gas to home appliances.
Gas meter	A device that records how much natural gas is being used in a building.
Gas trap	An arrangement of three types of rock that geologists look for when searching for natural gas. These rocks include the source rock that produces the natural gas, the porous reservoir rock that holds the natural gas, and the cap rock that keeps the gas from escaping.
Gas-oil ratio	The ratio of gas to oil produced, expressed as cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil
Geologist	A person who studies the physical nature and history of the earth as his or her career.
Gravity	Specific gravity. The ratio between equal volumes of water and another liquid, where the weight of the water is given a value of 1. The specific gravity of oil is given as API Gravity.
Gross acres or gross production	The total number of acres or the total production volume in which a company owns an interest.
GUI	Graphical user interface
HARP	Hydrocarbons Additional Recovery Programme
Henry Hubb	NYMEX published gas prices
Heptane	A hydrocarbon gas that is an ingredient of natural gas. Heptane molecules each contain seven carbon atoms and sixteen hydrogen atoms.
Hexane	A hydrocarbon gas that is an ingredient of natural gas. Hexane molecules each contain six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms.
HMG	Her Majesty’s Government
HMT	Her Majesty’s Treasury
Horizon	A particular rock or marker zone which can be correlated from well to well
hot oil	Oil produced above the limits set by the Railroad Commission or other regulatory bodies.
HSC	Health & Safety Commission
HSE	Health and Safety Executive
Hydrocarbon	A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons	A class of compounds containing hydrogen and carbon formed by the decomposition of plant and animal remains. These compounds include coal, oil, natural gas and other substances occurring in rocks.
Hydrocarbons	Compounds whose molecules contain only hydrogen and carbon
IEA	International Energy Agency
Ignition	The process of lighting a fire or causing a fuel to start burning.
Independent	An oil and gas exploration and production company not engaged in petroleum refining and marketing or "downstream" operations. Kerr-McGee became an independent after selling its refining business in 1995.
independents	Small petroleum producers who receive their revenue from production at the wellhead, and who generally have no refining or fuel marketing subsidiaries.
Injection well	Well used for the injection of gas or water under pressure into a sub-surface zone
Invest UK	Inward investment promotion arm of BTI (formerly Invest in Britian Bureau)
IPPC	Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
IR	Inland Revenue
ITL	Industry Leadership Team (part of PILOT)
JIP	Joint industry project
JNCC	Joint Nature Conservation Committee
JOA	Joint operating agreement
JVs	Joint ventures
Kick	A surge in gas or mud pressure at the top of a well while drilling
land grants	Texas is the only state in the Union that retained ownership of its public lands when it was admitted as a state. In the early days of statehood, it was a cash-poor and land-rich state. Texas recognized the potential economic value of its public land, and set much of it aside for the support of public schools. Revenue was slow to materialize, however, because the land was virtually inaccessible for development. Texas financed railroad construction through land grants, which were regarded not as subsidies, but as investments in the future of Texas. The railroad construction would make the land accessible for development, thus making the land valuable and bringing in revenue for public schools.
LIFE	LIFT inspired farm-in Event
LIFT	Licence Information for Trading
Liquid	A substance whose molecules are in constant, random motion but do not move as fast as those in a gas. A liquid can take on the shape of its container but keeps the same volume, no matter what container it’s in.
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG)	Natural gas liquified either by refrigeration or by pressure.
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)	A mixture of butane, propane and other light hydrocarbons derived from refining crude oil. At normal temperature it is a gas but can be cooled or subjected to pressure to facilitate storage and transportation.
LNG	Liquefied natural gas. Natural gas, gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures but held in the liquid state at very low temperatures (and at high pressure), to facilitate storage and transport.
Location	The well site or surface location where a well is to be drilled
LOGGS	Lincolnshire Offshore Gas Gathering System
LOGIC	Leading Oil and Gas Industry Competitiveness, an industry body to develop and promote supply chain management.
LPG	Liquefied petroleum gas. Essentially propane and/or butane meeting fuel use specifications, gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures but held in the liquid state by pressure to facilitate storage and transport.
majors	Large petroleum companies that not only produce oil but also control related infrastructure such as pipelines, refineries, and service stations.
MCA	Marine Coastguard Agency
mcf	Thousand cubic feet of gas at a specified temperature and pressure
md	Millidarcies
MDL	Methane Drainage Licence
Megawatt	A unit of measurement for electricity. One megawatt is equal to one thousand kilowatts or one million watts. One megawatt is enough energy to power 1,000 average homes.
Mercaptan	A chemical added to natural gas that makes it smell like rotten eggs so people will know if natural gas is leaking.
Methane	A hydrocarbon gas that is the main ingredient in natural gas. Methane molecules each contain one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
mm	Million
MMboepd (or mmboepd)	Millions of barrels of oil equivalent per day
MMcf/d	Million cubic feet of natural gas per day.
MMSCFPD (often mmscfpd)	Millions of standard cubic feet per day
Molecule	The smallest part of a substance that has all of the chemical properties of that substance.
monopoly	Although ownership of the railroads in Texas was never exclusive to one company, railroad opponents often referred to the industry as a monopoly. The railroads controlled the means of transportation, the rates for shipment, and many related industries such as steel, oil refineries, copper plants, and lumber companies.
Mud log	A progressive analysis of the well bore cuttings and mud circulated up from the bottom of the hole
Multiple completion	The completion of a single wellk in more than one producing horizon
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)	Passed in 1933, the NIRA was the centerpiece of New Deal legislation. It created the National Recovery Administration to promote cooperation among corporations and established codes of fair competition for numerous industries. Businesses that voluntarily complied with the codes could display the famous NRA Blue Eagle with the slogan, “We Do Our Part.” The NIRA was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1935.
Natural gas	A hydrocarbon gas found in the earth, composed of methane, ethane, butane, propane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hexane, heptanes, and pentane.
Natural Gas	Petroleum in gaseous form consisting of light hydrocarbons often found in association with oil. Methane is the most dominant component.
Natural gas	Gas which occurs naturally, consiting mostly of hydrocarbons which at surface conditions are in a gaseous state
NERC	Natural Environment Research Council
Net Present Value	A sophisticated capital budgeting technique; found by subtracting a project’s initial investment from the present value of the cash inflows discounted at a rate equal to the firm’s cost of capital.
NGLs	Natural gas liquids. A mixture of liquids derived from natural gas, including propane, butane, ethane and gasoline components (pentanes plus).
NGOs	Non-Governmental organisations
Nitrogen	A gas that is an ingredient of natural gas. Nitrogen molecules each contain two nitrogen atoms.
Nonrenewable resource	A resource that is limited. Fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas) are considered nonrenewable resources because once they are used up we cannot create more of them.
NPD	Norwegian Petroleum Department
NSDG	North Sea Decommissioning Group
NTO	National Training Organisation, a body officially recognised to provide strategic direction and co-ordination on training in their industry sector.
NYMEX	New York Mercantile Exchange
OCA	Offshore Contractors Association
Offset well	A well drilled on the next closest location to the original well
OG	Oil and Gas Directorate (of the DTI)
OGITF	Oil & Gas Industry Task Force
OIAC	Oil Industry Advisory Committee
Oil	A fossil fuel in liquid form that is obtained through wells drilled deep in the earth.
Oil seep	The appearance of oil on the surface of the ground that geologists use as a telltale sign of natural gas below, since oil and natural gas are usually found together.
Oil-cut mud	Term used to describe a mixture of oil and drilling mud
Oil-in-place	The amount of crude oil estimated to exist in a reservoir underlying a pool or field area
One-call service	The utility locator service that should be called before digging into the ground. This service marks the location of buried utilities so people can work a safe distance away from them.
OPEC	Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Operator	Term used to describe a company appointed by venture stake holders to take primary responsibility for day-to-day operations for a specific plant or activity.
OPEX	Operating Expenditure
OPITO	Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organisation
OSPAR	Oslo & Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of North East Atlantic.
OTO	Oil Taxation Office (of the Inland Revenue)
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)	All submerged lands seaward and outside the area of lands beneath navigable waters. Lands beneath navigable waters are interpreted as extending from the coastline three nautical miles into the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico excluding the coastal waters off Texas and western Florida.
Pay zone	The rock strata which constitute the oil and gas reservoir
PEDL	Petroleum Exploration & Development Licence
Pentane	A hydrocarbon gas that is an ingredient of natural gas. Pentane molecules each contain five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms.
Perforations	Holes made in the casing, cement and formation through which formation fluids may blow into the well bore
Permeability	A measure of the ability of a rock to transmit fluids, usually measured in millidarcies (md)
Petroleum	A term applied to crude oil and oil products in all forms.
PILOT	Phase 2 of Oil & Gas Industry Task Force
Pilot light	A small flame or spark used to ignite gas at a burner. Most newer appliances have electric pilots; older appliances have a small permanent flame.
Plug and abandon	To fill a hole with mud and / or cement when abandoning a well
PON	Petroleum Operations Notice
pooling	A practice in which competing railroads made agreements to divide up the traffic and maintain freight rates.
Populist	A political party formed in 1891 to represent agrarian interests. The Populists were most famous for their advocacy of the free coinage of silver money and government control of monopolies.
Porisity	The percentage of void space in a rock
Processing plant	A place where natural gas is treated to remove impurities.
progressive	A political philosophy advocating moderate political change and social improvement by governmental action. Progressives believed that the government should ride herd on corporate interests such as railroads, insurance companies, and oil companies, and act as an advocate for ordinary people. The progressives did not want to change the basic American system of property rights and capitalism, but they did want to make the system more equitable.
Propane	A hydrocarbon gas that is one of the ingredients in natural gas. Propane molecules each contain three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
prorationing	The ability of a state to limit oil and gas production, usually based on market demand. The term comes from the word “prorate,” and refers to the practice of limiting production proportionally to a fraction of the total capacity of each producer.
Prospect	A specified location or an area targeted for leasing and drilling.
Prospect	Leases of other rights on a particular geographical area believed to lie on a specific geologic structural or stratigarphic trap believed to contain oil, gas or both
Proved reserves	Estimated quantities of oil and natural gas that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
Proved reserves	Those quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which upon analysis or geologic and engineering data, appear with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions
PRT	Petroleum Revenue Tax
Pumping well	A well produced by artificial lift by a subsurface pump
rebates	A practice in which railroads gave price breaks to large shippers.
Reserves	The estimated volume of oil and / or gas economically recoverable from a single or multiple reservoir
Reservoir	A porous, permeable sedimentary rock formation containing oil and/or natural gas, enclosed or surrounded by layers of less-permeable or impervious rock.
Reservoir	A porous and permeable rock formation
Reservoir rock	A layer of porous sedimentary rock, usually sandstone or limestone. The natural gas migrates into the pores of the reservoir rock.
Resistivity	A measure of the resistance of rock and its contained fluids to the passage of electrical current
Return On Capital Employed (ROCE)	ROCE is a measure of how productively a company manages its refining, marketing and transportation assets. ROCE is the ratio of operating profits generated to the amount of operating capital invested.
Rotary drilling	The common method of well drilling involving the cutting of a hole by rotating a bit at the bottom of a column of drill pipe
rule of capture	A legal doctrine that said that oil and gas pumped from a well belonged to the operator of the well, even if the volatiles had been drained from beneath another owner’s land. Because of this rule, wells were drilled very close together. The race to produce oil often resulted in damaged reservoirs and the waste of both oil and natural gas.
SAGE	Scottish Area Gas Evacuation
Sandstone	A sedimentary rock consisting almost entirely of sand-sized grains of quartz
Saturation	The percentage of a rock's pore space occupied by a paticular fluid, thus there is oil saturation, water saturation and gas saturation
SEAL	Shearwater-Elgin Area Line
SEBA	OSPAR Working Group on Sea Based Activities
Secondary recovery	Any method of increasing ultimate recovery of oil or condensate by the application of outside energy
Seismic survey	One of the tests used by geologists to determine if rocks have the properties needed to contain natural gas underground.
Seismic survey	Technique for determining the structure of underground rock formations by sending energy waves or sound waves into the earth and recording the wave reflections. Three-dimensional seismic surveys provide enhanced data for determining well locations.
Seismic survey	A geophysical survey of an area consisting of recording the time amplitude of shock waves reflected from substructure strata
Seismogram	A two- or three-dimensional record made by a computer that measures changes in the density of rock. Geologists analyze seismograms and use them to visualize the rock layers beneath the earth’s surface that might reveal possible natural gas and/or oil traps.
Separator	A cylindrical steel tank used to separate oil from gas
Service line	A pipeline that carries natural gas from a distribution main up to the gas meter at a building.
Shale	A sedimentary rock composed of very small particles of clay, mud and sand
SHARP	Sustainable Hydrocarbons Additional Recovery Programme
Show of oil	A small amount of oil in a well or rock sample
Shut-in	To stop a well from producing by closing the valves at the wellhead
Shut-in pressure	Pressure measured after a well has been shut for a period
SMEs	Small and medium sized enterprises
Solid	Something that is hard and firm, and is not a liquid or gas. The molecules in a solid move slowly enough that they merely vibrate in place, allowing the solid to keep its shape and volume.
Sour gas	Gas containing acid gases, principally hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide
Sour/Sweet Crude	Designation which describes the degree of a given crude’s sulfur content. Sour refers to high sulfur and sweet to low-sulfur.
Source rock	Rock that supplies the natural gas in a gas trap. The gas was generated by the decomposition of tiny sea plants and animals that died millions of years ago, sank to the muddy bottom, and became part of this rock. Shale is a common source rock.
Spar	A deep-floating cylindrical hull. Kerr-McGee operates the industry's first production spar, installed in 1996 at the Neptune field in the Gulf of Mexico. This field began production in 1997.
Spot Price	The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of a specific quantity of product at a specific location where the commodity is purchased "on the spot" at current market rates.
Spud	To start the actual drilling of a well
SSSL	Supplementary Seismic Survey Licence
Step-out well	A well in an unproved or semi-proved area in an attempt to extend the productive limits of a field
Stimulation	The technique of getting more production from a formation by the use of acidizing, hydraulic fracturing or other method
stock watering	A practice in which railroad companies issued more stock than the company was worth, diluting the value of all shares, which they then bought back at a lower price.
Storage tanks	Large aboveground or underground tanks used to store natural gas for future use.
Subsea tieback	An offshore field developed with one or more wells completed on the seafloor, using subsea trees. The wells are connected by flowlines and umbilicals - the pathways for electrical and hydraulic signals - to a production facility in another area.
Sulfate process	One of two processes used to produce titanium dioxide pigment.
Swab	To clean out the bore hole of a well with a special tool attached to a wire line and to attempt to start the well producing. The tool is called a RABBIT
Tcf	Trillion cubic feet
Therm	A unit of measurement for the use of natural gas that appears on a person’s monthly gas bill. Therms are the cubic feet of natural gas used, multiplied by a therm factor.
Therm factor	Determined by the utility and based on the energy content of the natural gas, which can vary by supplier. Some utilities use an average therm factor.
Throughput	The total amount of raw materials processed by a refinery or other plant in a given period.
Tight hole	A drilling well in which all information is kept secret by the operator
TiO2	Molecular formula for titanium dioxide pigment.
Titanium dioxide pigment	The world's preferred whitener, brightener and opacifier for paint, coatings, plastics, paper and many other products. This inorganic white pigment is Kerr-McGee's major chemical product.
Tonne	Metric ton (1,000 kilograms or 2,204.62 pounds).
Tonne of Oil Equivalent	One tonne of oil equivalent is defined as having a calorific value of 397 therms. All fuels, including crude oil and petroleum products, have been converted to tonnes of oil equivalent using their own calorific values.
Trade Partners UK	The Government network (encompassing DTI and FCO activities) dedicated to building British success overseas
Transmission pipes	A network of large steel pipes that carries natural gas from processing plants to utilities.
Trap	The position at which oil and / or gas is stopped from further migration and movement
Truss spar	A new version of the "classic" spar in Kerr-McGee's Neptune field. A truss structure replaces the lower portion of the cylindrical hull, improving performance while reducing size and cost. The industry's first truss spars were installed in 2001 over Kerr-McGee's Nansen and Boomvang fields in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The company's Gunnison field was developed with its third truss spar.
Tubing	A string of pipe, usually 2-2 1/2 " in diameter, run inside casing and through which oil and gas are produced
UKCS	United Kingdom Continental Shelf
UKOOA	United Kingdom Offshore Operators’ Association
UKOOG	United Kingdom Onshore Operators Group
UKPIA	United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association Limited
unitization	The joint development of an oil field that includes territory controlled by different owners. A unitized field allows participants to share both royalties and risks in the development of the field and to utilize the field’s natural features without damaging the field through excessive competition.
Upstream	The processes of exploring for oil, developing oil fields and producing oil from the fields. The opposite of upstream is downstream.
Utility	A supplier that provides a basic service such as delivering electricity, natural gas, and/or water to a community.
Valve	A moveable part that controls the flow of a liquid or gas through a pipe or other channel.
Volume	The amount of space taken up by something.
Waterflooding	A method of secondary recovery in which water is injected into an oil reservoir through injection wells to push toward producing wells
Well	A hole drilled or bored into the earth to bring up water, sulfur, natural gas, or petroleum.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI)	Refers to West Texas Intermediate crude oil. The WTI spot price of crude is reported from Cushing, Oklahoma.
wildcat	An exploratory oil well drilled on speculation in an area not previously known to produce.
Wildcat well	An exploratory well drilled some distance from known production. This distance from produciton determines whether the wildcat is low, medium or high risk
Working interest	A cost-bearing interest in a well expressed as a percentage of the whole.
Zone	An interval of a subsurface formation having particular rock characteristics

Back to